We propose a price-setting model which helps reconcile microeconomic evidence of relatively frequent and large price changes with persistent real effects of monetary shocks. In our model, both price adjustments and the gathering of some types of information are costly, requiring the payment of a...

This paper presents a business cycle analysis of monetary policy shocks measured by disturbances to open market operations, i.e. the ratio of open market papers to non-borrowed reserves. We find empirical evidence for the usefulness of this policy measure, as it predicts significant declines in...