Using R&D and advertising intensity to measure a firm's differentiation strategy, this study examines whether charitable giving substitutes or complements such a differentiation strategy. Evidence from a nationwide survey of private small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) across China...

In this study, using a behavioral agency perspective, we argue that corporate philanthropy (CP) may be affected by CEOs’ career disruption concern. If predecessor had a quick dismissal (with short tenure), incumbent CEO may be concerned that s/he may not stay in office for a long enough time...

In this study, we draw on the stakeholder salience theory to argue that corporate philanthropy (CP) may be used as employee governance tool, but it may depend on employee diversity in gender. We propose that, because women are more sensitive to CP than men, firms with greater proportion of...

MNEs face a complex institutional environment when doing business in the international market. As a result, MNEs adopt strategies to deal with the institutional pressures. However, present studies seldom discuss the institutional environment of a given country, specifically China. Therefore, the...