opening of the electricity markets. Contracts were seen to foreclose the market hence the Commission comprehensively unwound …, investors were willing to undertake investment in liberalized electricity markets based on mid-term contracting and retail …

The transition to competitive wholesale and retail markets for electricity in the U.S. has been a difficult and … contentious process. This paper examines the progress that has been made in the evolution of wholesale and retail electricity …

areas. In particular, the U.S. telecommunications sector was hit by a deep crisis and electricity reforms suffered under the … telephony and the electricity sector. Part of the explanation lies in an underestimate of the coordination problems, resulting …

Regulators of electricity markets around the world continue to struggle with the problem of incentivizing generators …