gang activity and violent crime than is widely accepted. While areas with more gang activity also have more violence, our … governments, use violence to enforce rules, the net impact of gangs is to lower violent crime. We test this hypothesis and offer …We hypothesize the failure of government to protect the rights of individuals from violence committed by youths has led …

a reported crime during the beginning of the school year relative to the weeks before school begins. This sharp increase … and a seasonal adjustment to argue that school increases reported crime rates (and arrests) involving 10-17-year …-old offenders by 47% (41%) annually relative to a counterfactual where crime rates follow typical seasonal patterns. School …

a reported crime during the beginning of the school year relative to the weeks before school begins. This sharp increase … and a seasonal adjustment to argue that school increases reported crime rates (and arrests) involving 10-17-year …-old offenders by 47% (41%) annually relative to a counterfactual where crime rates follow typical seasonal patterns. School …

We provide first evidence that temporal variations in the expected returns to crime affect the location of property … crime. Our identification strategy relies on the widely-held perception in the UK that households of South Asian descent … neighbourhood-level panel on reported crime and difference-in-differences, we find that burglaries in South Asian neighbourhoods are …

influence adolescents’ decisions in crime participation and school attendance. The study finds that, after an exogenous decrease … in the severity of judicial punishment imposed on Colombian adolescents, crime rates in Colombian municipalities …

Bias crime statistics legislation does not require law enforcement agencies to collect data on the ages of bias crime … perpetrators, and bias crime penalty enhancements do not distinguish between youth and adult offenders. As a result, little data … exists on youth bias crime, and the consequences of applying bias crime penalty enhancements to adult and youth offenders are …

. One question to better understand the costs and benefits of these laws is: to what extent do MDA laws displace crime from …-school crime by studying how MDA laws affect crimes committed in U.S. public high schools. The analysis is conducted using a … in the MDA to 18 significantly increases in-school crime by 0.434 incidences per 1,000 students or a 6.2% increase …