Regional planning in Russia includes strategic and spatial planning. The spatial planning is implemented in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (2004) at the federal, regional and municipal level. It installs functional zones, zones of planned capital construction...

Estonia, which adopted relatively free labor market policies early in its transition, experienced rapid increases in returns to human capital Ntilde; rising returns to education and rising relative wages for younger educated workers, but declining returns to experience for older workers with...

The authors use a retrospective survey of 9,608 individuals, aged 16 to 75, to monitor the effects of Estonia's economic transition on wages and employment. Estonia is an interesting case because of its early adoption of relatively free labor market policies. Estonia's transition led to rapid...

We build a stylized dynamic general equilibrium model with financial frictions to analyze costs and benefits of capital requirements in the short-term and long-term. We show that since increasing capital requirements limits the aggregate loan supply, the equilibrium loan rate spread increases,...

We build a stylized dynamic general equilibrium model with financial frictions to analyze costs and benefits of capital requirements in the short-term and long-term. We show that since increasing capital requirements limits the aggregate loan supply, the equilibrium loan rate spread increases,...

Foreign exchange operates as a two-tiered over-the-counter (OTC) market dominatedby large, strategic dealers. Using proprietary high frequency data on quotesby the largest foreign exchange dealer banks in the dealer-to-customer (D2C) market,we find a significant heterogeneity in their behavior....

Regional planning in Russia includes strategic and spatial planning. The spatial planning is implemented in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (2004) at the federal, regional and municipal level. It installs functional zones, zones of planned capital construction...