The paper deals with cashless payments during the pandemic situation caused by Covid-19. The aim of the paper will be to use the method of analysis and comparison of selected data to answer the following research question: Has the pandemic caused by Covid-19 contributed to increasing the share...

Under which conditions is it advantageous for countries to form a single payments area? This question is analyzed in a model of spatial bank competition to understand better the economic foundations of the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). An economic research perspective on the mostly informal...

Danmarks Nationalbank oversees systemically important payment and settlement systems to ensure the safety and efficiency of these systems. The oversight function involves assessing the systems' observance of international standards and recommendations. Kronos is Danmarks Nationalbank's real-time...

What makes e-money more special than cash? Is the introduction of e-money necessarily welfare enhancing? Is an e-money system necessarily stable? What is the optimal way to design an efficient and stable e-money scheme? This paper provides a first attempt to develop a micro-founded, dynamic,...

Over millennia, mankind has used hard cash in various forms ranging from shells to gold coins and paper. More recently, cash has become unpopular in political circles, as it effectively restricts states’ power to tax (explicitly or via negative interest rates) or to survey and potentially...

This thesis sheds light on the functioning and characteristics of payment systems to serve as a foundation for understanding the drivers for higher payment system efficiency. Its central goal is to develop insights into the determinants of collective payment choice suitable to lower payment...