What is in banks’ private information about borrowers, and how does it relate to physical distance and relationship length? Exploiting the Federal Reserve’s comprehensive supervisory loan-level dataset on corporate borrowers, we distinguish two dimensions of private information embedded in...

Over the past decade, banks have heavily invested in technological development, bringing hope to many underserved customers. However, the benefits of bank digitalization for small & medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remain ambiguous. Using a sample of 179,921 SMEs and their borrowing relationships...

This study is the first to examine whether the performance of credit rating, one of the most important data-based decision-making of banks, can be improved by using system log data that is extensively accumulated inside the bank for system operation. This study uses the log data recorded for the...

The rapid development of Chinese online loan platforms (OLPs), as well as their risks, has attracted widespread attention, increasing the demand for a complete credit rating mechanism. The present study establishes a credit rating indicator system for 130 mainstream Chinese OLPs that combines 12...

This paper presents a micro data approach to the identification of credit crunches. Using a survey among German firms which regularly queries the firms' assessment of the current willingness of banks to extend credit we estimate the probability of a restrictive credit supply policy by time...