The main characteristic of the implementation of the European Monetary Union (EMU) is the transition from various national currencies to the Euro, the common European currency. A final fixing of the individual bilateral exchange rates of all European countries involved in the Monetary Union...

The main characteristic of the implementation of the European Monetary Union (EMU) is the transition from various national currencies to the Euro, the common European currency. A final fixing of the individual bilateral exchange rates of all European countries involved in the Monetary Union...

In this paper, I estimate a cointegrated VAR with three long run equilibrium conditions that are consistent with the New Keynesian model. The equilibrium conditions estimated in the VAR do not provide evidence of a negative relationship between the federal funds rate and investment, or output...

On December 3, 2015, Mario Draghi, President European Central Bank (ECB), claims: “we are doing more because it works, not because it fails.” Really true or not?To help assess and further promote the very basics of money calculus, as well as an impetus to improve the actions taken by...

We extract the market's expectations about the ECB's negative interest rate policy from the euro area's yield curve and study its impact on the yield curve. To capture the rich dynamics taking place at the short end of the yield curve, we introduce two policy indicators that summarise the...

The Federal Reserve has become a Supra-National Central Bank with Monetary Policy Effects on foreign equity markets that exceed the host country’s domestic central bank policy. In this paper we utilize macroeconomic data to demonstrate an outsized effect on domestic equity markets by Federal...

Interest rate policy in the newly reforming Central and Eastern European countries has generally been geared toward establishing positive real interest rates and defending the exchange rate. The principal instrument for this task has been administrative increases in controlled interest rates....