In addition to the functional value of a brand, the academic branding literature also emphasises the symbolic function of a brand. The importance of emotional values is often stressed by the necessity to create strong customer-brand relationships for building brand equity. Since the brand is a...

A brand represents the awareness and the image that a product has managed with a segment of customers. In business terms, a brand can be defined as a specific relationship created within a given market for the promotion of a particular product. The specific existing relationship between a brand...

In this paper we argue that corporate social responsibility (CSR) to various stakeholders (customers, shareholders, employees, suppliers, and community) has a positive effect on global brand equity (BE). In addition, policies aimed at satisfying community interests help reinforce credibility to...

Die Kontrolle von Marketingaktivitäten steht immer mehr im Fokus der Unternehmen. Im Bereich der Kommunikationspolitik ist eine wesentliche Ursache hierfür u.a. die gesunkene Effizienz kommunikativer Maßnahmen. Auch ein starker Wettbewerbsdruck sowie der Notwendigkeit, immer neue...

Purpose The growth in the number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide has led to increased competition for donations. A stronger NGO brand equity will make donors more attracted to an organization, compelling them to increase both their donations and their commitment. The goal of...

According to Kotler (2014), a brand is defined as “a name, sign, term, design, symbol or combination of them which is intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors”. Brakus et al., (2009) further discuss that...