processes and the inherent variability of competitors' effort choices introduce uncertainty to tournament settings with respect … uncertainty leads to more excess of effort if compared to optimality (Avrahami et al., 2007). This paper experimentally … responses, and mainly overestimate their opponents. Leveling uncertainty influences both overshooting and the precision of …

depends stochastically on (constant) effort, the number of times that are checked to assign the bonus affects the level of un-certainty … in the selection process. Uncertainty, in turn, is expected to increase the efforts made by competing agents (Cowen and … of uncertainty (sampling occasions of productions, 1 or 3), cost of production (high or low), cost symmetry (asymmetric …

uncertainty in the selection process. Uncertainty, in turn, is expected to increase the efforts made by competing agents (Cowen … of uncertainty (sampling occasions of productions, 1 or 3), cost of production (high or low), cost symmetry (asymmetric … or symmetric), and piece-rate reward were manipulated factorially to test the robustness of the effects of uncertainty …