The national innovation system (NIS) of Norway is characterized by diversity. This paper examines the multiple and heterogeneous historical processes, each defined as a path, that have given rise to such diversity. Each of the paths has involved specific types of social groups, organizations,...

Australia and Norway have achieved modern levels of development as resource-based economies, thus avoiding the so-called resource curse. Their ability to achieve this rested heavily upon diversification into new resource products and industries. These processes relied heavily on innovation,...

This paper shows that there have been important changes in how the global economic system works. A high growth regime has gradually been substituted by one of low growth. This change appears to be especially pronounced for small economies. Until the end of the 1980s the scope for technological...

During the last two decades we have seen a revival of interest in the works of Joseph Schumpeter and “evolutionary” ideas in economics more generally. A professional society honouring Schumpeter’s name has been founded, and linked to it we have had for more than fifteen years now a...

This paper contains a discussion and test of the technology gap approach to development and growth. The basic hypotheses of the theory are tested on pooled cross-sectional and time-series data for 25 industrial countries for the period 1960-1983. The sample includes, in addition to 19 OECD...

“Technology” and “competitiveness” are two of the most popular buzz-words of our time. Increasingly policy makers on both sides of the Atlantic link the two. But what do we really mean when we talk about the international competitiveness of a country? And what does technology have to do...

Europe is confronted by an intimidating triple challenge - economic stagnation, climate change, and a governance crisis. This paper demonstrates how the three challenges are closely inter-related, and discusses how they can be dealt with more effectively in order to arrive at a more economically...

Do the additionality effects of R&D tax credits vary across sectors? The paper presents a microeconometric analysis of this question for three countries: Norway, Italy and France. We use a panel of firm-level data from three waves of the Innovation Surveys carried out in these countries,...

This paper focuses on the structural changes in OECD trade between 1961 and 1983. It is shown that trade in R&D- intensive products, based on relatively recent innovations, grew much faster than trade in other products. This caused the structure of OECD trade to change in a way most favorable...