In the Chinese securities market, with its characteristics of influence through personal relationships (Guanxi) and underdeveloped standards of law and enforcement, can independent directors play the supervisory role expected by securities regulators? In this study we use the degree of precision...

In the Chinese securities market, with its characteristics of influence through personal relationships (Guanxi) and underdeveloped standards of law and enforcement, can independent directors play the supervisory role expected by securities regulators? In this study we use the degree of precision...

We propose a methodology of Genetic Programming to approximate the relationship between the option price, its contract terms and the properties of the underlying stock price. An important advantage of the Genetic Programming approach is that we can incorporate currently known formulas, such as...

Numerous findings in the literature suggest that paying cash dividend mitigates agency problem between majority shareholders and minority shareholders. Many common law countries require mandatory cash dividend policy to protect minority shareholder's interest. This paper provides opposite...

Taking account of both asymmetric information and rational learning, we show that heterogeneous belief in a rational expectation model can explain many empirical findings of seemingly emotional behavior in stock market, such as bubbles, momentum, contrarian, and technical trading. We show that...

The variability of accounting accruals provides a measure of the normal level of managers' accounting discretion and has important implications for event studies of earnings management. We examine how this measure is related to the economic factors including both firm characteristics and...

Earnings management is a key issue for financial reporting. The purpose of this paper is to derive a set of indices to measure the pervasiveness of earnings management (PEM) using the properties of quarterly accrual volatility. The PEM index can be viewed as a quality measure of financial...

The earnings-returns relation asymmetry indicates the changing relation between earnings and returns when the nature of earnings information differs in a certain way. Literature has documented a variety of asymmetric relations and provided a wide range of explanations. Hayn (1995) accounted for...