We model energy demand across five end-use sectors and 15 energy products in Saudi Arabia, generating comprehensive price and income elasticity estimates. Using the Structural Time Series Model, we demonstrate that the trends underlying energy demand are generally stochastic, underscoring the...

This paper presents a computer based simulation model which analyses the dynamics of public perceptions of risk using Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) ('mad cow disease') in the UK as a case study. The model is based upon a theoretically-derived understanding of the concept of perception...

The Scottish milk chain is the highest green house gas emitter out of the dairy chain. This paper studies the effect of prices on household carbon footprints of both Scottish urban and rural households and the subsequent demand for milk products. Household time series data for 2006–2011 and...

While countries increasingly commit to pricing greenhouse gases directly through carbon taxes or emissions trading systems, indirect forms of carbon pricing-such as fuel excise taxes and fuel subsidy reforms-remain important factors affecting the mitigation incentives in an economy. Taken...

The direct public funding of R&D investment to stimulate technological innovation has a strong theoretical case and has gained renewed attention in the recent policy debate as a way to address the long-term challenges of modern society such as pandemics, climate change, and the transition to a...

The aim of this study is to estimate road freight demand in the UK for the period 1956-2003 and to assess the occurrence of decoupling between economic activity and freight demand as discussed in McKinnon (2006). As models with a deterministic trend cannot accommodate a long-run relationship...