between the elements of a system and clusters (innovation clusters) and the selfrationale of a system and that of networks … composed of "elements", which are tied together by a "self-rationale". For innovation, often innovation clusters and innovation … networks are being regarded as important. By leveraging systems theory for innovation concepts, one can implement references …

clusters of related firms and institutions. Creating clusters through public policy is risky, complex and costly, however …. Moreover, it is not necessary to rely on clusters to stimulate innovation. A differentiated and combined network approach to … regions lacking clusters. The challenge of such a policy is to mitigate the bottlenecks associated with ‘global pipeline …

-wider clusters and networks. The state-wide focus, however, might undervalue advantages of spatial proximity. As another critical …

French “competitiveness clusters” were set up in 2005 to strengthen cooperation between small and large enterprises … apparently similar networks, on which much data were collected, has given us an opportunity to investigate the factors explaining …

sector - in the UK's traditional automotive heartland, focusing on the West Midlands region. It highlights three major … establishment of the Automotive Council UK and its work in developing technology roadmaps, informing regulation, and supporting … development of the UK supply chain (a type of industrial policy as a discovery process and in line with "smart specialisation …