This paper investigates whether post-entry performance differs between start-up firms, according to the source of finance. In particular, the relationship between the use of external equity and performance is focused upon. Using an original data set of start-up firms in Japan, we examine the...

Using an original data set of start-up firms in Japan, this paper investigates whether post-entry performance differs between start-up firms, according to the source of finance. In particular, the difference among firms that used entrepreneur' s own savings (insider finance), bank borrowing, and...

Using an original data set of start-up firms in Japan, this paper investigates whether post-entry performance differs between start-up firms, according to the source of finance. In particular, the difference among firms that used entrepreneur' s own savings (insider finance), bank borrowing, and...

This study uses Japanese data to address an important shortcoming of most of the existing literature on credit availability by including a set of unlisted firms (which are the firms most likely to be bank dependent) in the analysis, and by investigating differences between the treatment of...

We study the role of banking relationships in IPO underwriting. Among other issues, we consider whether banking relationships lead to increased access to public equity markets, especially for smaller, lesserknown firms. When a firm in Japan goes public, it can engage an investment bank that is...

This study investigates 40 Japanese REIT IPOs during 2001 to 2006 and finds evidence that higher final offer prices are reflected in higher underpricing levels by such IPOs. There is also some evidence that suggests the engagement of one of the big 3 Japanese underwriting firms suggests less...

We use a sample of JASDAQ IPOs to study the effects of public information on offer price formation, initial returns, and long-run returns. Underwriters begin reporting anticipated offer prices of Japanese IPOs at an earlier point than in the US. The observable portion of the price formation...

We study the role of banking relationships in IPO underwriting. Among other issues, we consider whether banking relationships lead to increased access to public equity markets, especially for smaller, lesserknown firms. When a firm in Japan goes public, it can engage an investment bank that is...

Until October 1997, firms wishing to go public in Japan were required to use a hybrid auction process where up to half of the issue (the auction tranche) was offered to investors via a discriminatory auction. Remaining shares (the public offer tranche) were sold a few days later by a firm...

In 1997, Japan introduced book building an alternative to an auction method of IPO pricing that had been required since 1989. Shortly after its authorization, all IPOs in Japan were priced by book building. The shift occurred despite economic arguments and evidence suggesting that the auction...