This article presents three methods to estimate the logarithm of monthly real GDP in Mexico from the Global Indicator of Economic Activity (IGAE): (1) a deterministic approach using the IGAE growth rate; (2) an extension of Denton method; and, (3) the Kalman filter. In these methods the monthly...

This paper introduces a little known category of estimators - Linear Non-Gaussian vector autoregression models that are acyclic or cyclic - imported from the machine learning literature, to revisit a well-known debate. Does exporting increase firm productivity? Or is it only more productive...

We examine the relationship between the choice of steelmaking technology and energy prices in Germany using data beginning 1970. The analysis indicates that technology choice began to cointegrate with comparative energy prices in the early 90s. The short and long-run effects of energy prices are...

The critique by Gahn and González (2019) of the conclusions in Nikiforos (2016) regarding what data should be used to evaluate whether capacity utilization is endogenous to demand is weak for the following reasons: (i) The Federal Reserve Board (FRB) measure of utilization is not appropriate...

In assessing drivers of commodity prices and volatility at this stage of the current super-cycle in commodities (year 12 of a projected 25), it is vital to understand that production cost is a fundamental. Moreover, marginal production costs are among the most powerful drivers of commodity...

This paper uses time series methodologies to examine the causal relationship among capital stock, total labour force and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) applied to transport sector for Italy, using annual data for the period 1970-2007. After an introduction, a literature review is carried out,...

Population growth is one of the fundamental factors that directly determine the supply of human resources which are indisputably critical for production. Population growth plays a pivotal role in country's economic development trajectory. Most economically developed countries have significantly...

This study investigates long run relationship between Intra Industry Trade, fiscal policy and Terms of Trade of Pakistan. Considering the intention, time series data having time span from 1972 to 2014 is chosen. Data is collected through various sources like World Development Indicators,...

The critique by Gahn and González (2019) of the conclusions in Nikiforos (2016) regarding what data should be used to evaluate whether capacity utilization is endogenous to demand is weak for the following reasons: The Federal Reserve Board (FRB) measure of utilization is not appropriate for...

This study evaluated the role of SMEs in tackling unemployment in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the sustainability of the employment generated by SMEs. Annual time-series data were sourced from World Development Indicators (2019) for the period between 1991 and 2018. The study employed the...