We argue that Pakistan is unlikely to change its human development ranking and bring it closer to its ranking in per-capita GDP until it copes with it's low achievement in basic schooling. This paper draws on the experience of private sector and NGO schools to identify lessons for the government...

This paper compiles micro-level evidence to demonstrate the existence of win-win scenarios from environmental mitigation in the trade and environmental context. This implies that environmental mitigation via Clean Production (CP) contribute to net private and social gains in production and trade...

Dr. Nienhaus has with a straightforward analytical method sought to provide an insight into the functioning of Islamic banks (using PLS as the only financial instrument) in competition with interest-based banks. While the lucidity of the analysis is laudable, I have some reservations about the...

Two aspects of the problem of the unemployed educated persons are discussed in this essay. Firstly, the magnitude and incidence of the unemployment of such persons are examined. One point that becomes apparent from looking at the secondary data is that the bulk of the educated unemployed persons...

Expenditure on education is very often justified on the grounds that it is the means of providing equality of opportunity. Actually, at least two related factors prevent each child from getting an equal chance to flourish academically. Firstly, in a dual system of education, elite private...

This paper is a straightforward exercise in estimating earnings functions and computing the private rates of returns to different levels of education. The latter summarizes the incentives to the individual to invest in human capital formation, while the former helps in ascertaining the influence...

In the past few years, increasing attention has been given to the methods by which investments in developing countries should be appraised. Benefitcost analyses, based on market prices and costs, do not indicate whether an investment would be profitable from a social point of view. The methods...

Pakistan, like any developing country, must regularly divert some of the searce agFicultural land to an alternative use-to another crop, to a site for a reservoir or a plant for processing agrjculture's output, or to industrial, commercial or housing purposes. This paper is an exercise in...