Carbon-based border tax adjustments (BTAs) have recently been proposed by some OECD countries to level the carbon … (CGE) model to estimate the impacts of the BTAs implemented by US and EU on China's sectoral carbon emissions. The results …, which leads to energy substitution effect and somewhat stimulates carbon emissions. Depending on the relative strength of …

-political design of simulation runs. Costs of additional mitigation measures are expressed in deviation from the GDP in the reference …

In this paper, we assess the distributional impact of introducing a carbon tax in Poland. We apply a two …-step simulation procedure. First, we evaluate the economy-wide effects with a dynamic general equilibrium model. Second, we use a … effects, and is quantitatively important. We nd that the overall distributional effect of a carbon tax is largely driven by …

economic cost. In reality market participants are faced with considerable uncertainty due to price changes and require price … long-term hedging positions are active in the market. In a simulation study we test the suitability of the HAR model for …