whole surplus, leaving the peasants immiserated. Trade was sterile in that it was state inspired, and required to meet the …

This paper examines the economic organization of the trans-Saharan slave trade between the fourteenth and the …. The commercial framework of this trade was integrated into ethnic, cultural, and religious systems, yet for its efficient … limit cooperation problems. This demonstrates that the organization of the trans-Saharan slave trade was economically …

realize enhanced gains from trade also depended upon the political status of regional economies operating and interacting … (through trade in commodities, capital flows, labour migration and the diffusion of useful knowledge) within a global economy …