Researchers are often interested in testing for measurement invariance with respect to an ordinal auxiliary variable such as age group, income class, or school grade. In a factor-analytic context, these tests are traditionally carried out via a likelihood ratio test statistic comparing a model...

Industries with mixed oligopoly are exceedingly popular all over the world, especially in developing countries, such as China. This paper highlights the innovation strategies of mixed duopoly with a (semi-) public firm and another private firm, and the effects of mixed oligopoly on innovation...

This article captures the effects of secondary markets on the durable goods with game theory technology. Firstly, under monopoly in production, secondary markets both improve the producer's profits and extend the market size. Secondly, to improve the profits, the producer launches the secondary...

Environmental pollution, climate warming and other issues have become global issues, and the use of renewable energy as the best way to solve the problem has gradually attracted the attention of all countries. Uncertainty has an important effect on the production of renewable energy. Through a...

Marsh gas is an important type of renewable energies and plays important role to solve the energy issue in remote countryside. This article captures the development of marsh gas in Gongcheng County of China with game theory model. Firstly, the development history of marsh gas in Gongcheng County...

The industrial sector is the key area for China to achieve the carbon peaking goals, as it accounts for more than 65 % and 70 % of the national total energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, the discussion on the time and route of carbon peak in China in the existing literature is still...

The implementation of Dual-Credit Policy on April 1, 2018 is a new attempt to promote the development of the new energy vehicle market in China. Since the implementation of the policy, on the one hand, the new energy automobile industry has developed rapidly, on the other hand, many automobile...

Collective reputation, such as watches "made in Switzerland", affects the whole industry all over the world. This article highlights the relationship between competition and collective reputation. First, collective quality level depends on firms objectives. Second, the collectively determined...

Research and development (R & D) competition is standard, and it heavily affects patent values. This study captures R&D competition's effects on patent values using game-theory approaches. Cost-reduction patent values increase with technology level and decrease with the competition. Technology...

China's multilevel medical education system generates tremendous physician human capital heterogeneity. This paper attempts to take advantage of the differences level of doctors' human capital to reveal the relationship between healthcare service mismatch and doctors' human capital using the...