During the COVID-19 pandemic many firms began operating in a working-from-home environment (WFH). This study focuses on the relationship between WFH and small business performance during the pandemic. We built a theoretical framework based on firm profit maximization, compiled an up-to-date...

We examine the exam score effect of online proctoring with a comprehensive split sample of proctored and unproctored students in an upper-level economics class. Ours is the first study to measure the online proctoring effect, to our knowledge, that combines student in-class performance metrics,...

Using transaction level data, we present the first analysis of the way that foreign investors choose among different types of United States real estate. Our findings based on the conditional logit model analysis for the 1980-91 period are consistent with the hypothesis that foreign investors...

High growth and progressive regions possess a culture that promotes innovation. Innovation depends on a region’s ability to use its own existing knowledge and knowledge generated elsewhere. This paper demonstrates the importance of the ability to absorb external knowledge in explaining...

Regional prosperity increasingly depends on a region’s capacity to have command over the production of ideas. Measuring the production of ideas with patents, the objective of this paper is to analyze how patents in different technologies changed between 1997 and 2007 and how states took...

We study the Covid-19 student vaccine mandate decision by higher-education institutions. The decision is influenced by an institution’s ranking, type, enrollment, competition, and political landscape. A national standard for a higher education vaccine mandate will internalize the positive...

In a recent article in this Review, Robert McCormick, William Shughart, and Robert Tollison (1984) addressed the issue of monopoly deregulation. The authors put forward the provocative idea that "because under most conditions Tullock costs cannot be recouped, the returns to deregulation are...

This paper addresses the following questions: Are the major European stock markets more integrated after the introduction of the Euro? How much of the change in the stock indices in different European countries can be attributed to innovations in other markets? How fast are events occurring in...

This paper explores the impacts of the Federal Funds Rate (FFR), a significant money market indicator, on the prime lending rates offered by commercial banks. Prior to 1994, the FFR had lagged effects on prime rates, but since the second quarter of 1994, the Federal Reserve Bank has implemented...