Because prior studies find mixed results on the relation between CEOs’ pay performance incentives and a firm’s likelihood of financial reporting fraud, we restudy their relationship using innovative research methods. First, we concentrate on incentives from granting options rather than...

Smart networks, e.g., smart grids (SGs) as complex interconnected systems have become more complex and require greater processing and communication capabilities due to the growing use of renewable energy (RE). In addition to being a reliable method for collecting and managing information,...

This paper introduces and develops the idea of “increments to life.†Increments to life are roughly analogous to forces of mortality: they are quantities specified for each age and time by a mathematical function of two variables that may be used to describe, analyze and model changing...