The doctrine of nonintervention, a staple of traditional international law, provides that each state should refrain from interfering in the domestic affairs of other states. This prohibition includes not only military intervention, but also, in Hersh Lauterpacht’s formulation, all...

In 1825, France pulled off the most discreet heist in history against its newly independent colony Haiti. Haiti’s independence debt, which took 122 years to pay off, was the result of French intimidation tactics and strong-arming that ultimately cost Haiti at least $21 billion. Given such...

The laws of territorial sovereignty are among the earliest to have been developed in modern international law, and are among the most important. While this would seem to indicate the potential attractiveness of normative economic analyses of the laws of territorial sovereignty, there is...

Corporate limited liability laws (CLL) [the corporate veil (tCV)] is a major obstacle for implementation of UN and other covenants’ prevention and jurisprudence ex ante and ex post facto Corporate Human Rights Violations (CHRV) and International Corporate Crime (ICrC). I.d. aggregates the...

Political Economy (PE) has been used in the national realm to understand political outcomes, including laws and jurisprudence applied to all substantive matters. PE identifies the interests of relevant actors as well as the characteristics of the institutions through which they pursue their...

It is a common knowledge that the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU) was an extremely important undertaking for both the New Member States (EU-10) and the "old Union" countries (EU-15). One of the most important effects was significant acceleration of the development of mutual trade...

Theories of ecosystems in economic or business research are rarely considered from a perspective, in which these network constructs of inter-organisational relationships are influenced by policy initiatives and instruments – not just individual efforts of actors from within the ecosystem. In...

The increasing governmental interest in fostering the Artificial Intelligence sector in Britain has rapidly increased; the United Kingdom has recognised AI’s significance and incorporated it into its policy frameworks. The UK’s Industrial Strategy framework of 2017 emphasises the need for...

The pharmaceutical industry has experienced a remarkable surge in "coopetition," wherein rival companies join forces to pursue shared objectives, leading to a dynamic business environment fraught with tensions resulting from the coexistence of strong, contradictory forces of competition and...