productivity, but this effect was stronger in the areas in which railways were already built. Moreover, railways helped industrial … same time, the Kingdom of Italy started a large infrastructure project to spread railways, which were largely confined in … Northern Italy, all over the country. Using tools from spatial econometrics, we find that railways played a positive effect on …

is twofold. Firstly, we estimate efficiency levels derived from two alternative approaches: a non-parametric DEA analysis … results obtained in the literature are due to the different approaches used to measure efficiency. Secondly, we update the …

productivity, but this effect was stronger in the areas in which railways were already built. Moreover, railways helped industrial … same time, the Kingdom of Italy started a large infrastructure project to spread railways, which were largely confined in … Northern Italy, all over the country. Using tools from spatial econometrics, we find that railways played a positive effect on …

dataset of 10 ASEAN countries from 1980 to 2017, this study examines the productivity and efficiency of the ASEAN economies … productivity index to provide estimates of gross technical efficiency, technical progress and returns to scale change, while taking … into account of transient and persistent efficiency. The results show that there is room for efficiency gains, as the ASEAN …

Productivity and efficiency are key performance indicators of improved seeds. Efficiency differences explain part of … the variation in productivity. Improved seeds may affect efficiency because farmers often do not apply inputs at optimum …. Improved seeds therefore not only directly affect productivity but also indirectly through efficiency. If productivity and …

envelopment analysis method. It emphasizes the importance of this nonparametric approach to macroeconomic efficiency analysis and …