We examine nine changes in the New York State Security Transaction Taxes (STT) between 1932 and 1981. We find that imposing or increasing an STT results in wider bidask spreads, lower volume, and increased price impact of trades. In contrast to theories of STT imposition as a means to reduce...

We examine nine changes in the New York State Security Transaction Taxes (STT) between 1932 and 1981. We find that imposing or increasing an STT results in wider bidask spreads, lower volume, and increased price impact of trades. In contrast to theories of STT imposition as a means to reduce...

We study changes in market quality variables associated with nine modifications to the New York State Securities Transaction Tax (STT) between 1932 and 1981. We find that when there is an increase in the level of an STT, individual stock volatility increases, bid-ask spreads widen, price impacts...

The SEC is considering the imposition of a trade-at rule which requires venues not at the inside to either significantly improve on price or route to a venue that is quoting at the inside. The rule is expected to greatly reduce the internalization of order flow either directly or through dark...

Existing theoretical literature suggests that floor trading has discernable benefits over electronic trading. In particular floor relationships lead to a reduction in asymmetric information and hence lower spreads. The ability of floor brokers to participate in incoming order flow without...

This paper presents a straightforward method for asymptotically removing the well-known upward bias in observed returns of equally-weighted portfolios. Our method removes all of the bias due to any random transient errors such as bid-ask bounce and allows for the estimation of short horizon...

The primary difference between continuous market mechanisms is in the priority rules that they use to match buyers and sellers. In most markets price takes precedence, but if two or more parties are willing to pay the same price, then various markets use different secondary priority rules to...