One perspective suggests that firms heavily involved in innovation may face increased risks. It is essential to know the suitable proxies in measuring innovation related to risk taking. Many studies use research-and-development intensity (RDI) and research-and-development spending (RDS) as...

R&D collaboration facilitates pooling of complementary skills, learning from the partner as well as sharing risks and costs. Research therefore repeatedly stressed the positive relationship between collaborative R&D and innovation performance. Collaboration, however, involves transaction costs...

Many firms tout their commitment to diversity, sometimes appointing racial minorities to their board of directors. We find that firms with more minority directors are associated with greater innovation output. Using patent-inventor information, we uncover an important yet previously...

Precision medicine is an approach to disease treatment and prevention that seeks to maximize effectiveness by taking into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. The medical paradigm has been changed with the emergence of precision medicine and many companies with...

R&D collaboration facilitates pooling of complementary skills, learning from the partner as well as sharing risks and costs. Research therefore repeatedly stressed the positive relationship between collaborative R&D and innovation performance. Fewer studies addressed potential drawbacks of...

Seeking to increase their innovative strength, family firms increasingly collaborate with startups to explore new technologies, act upon trends, and rejuvenate their corporate culture. While family firms usually innovate incrementally, collaborating with startups allows them to take a more...