The introduction of smartphones marked a transitional phase in the evolution of pricing for mobile communications service markets. Wireless operators migrated to supplying data centric tariffs which have characteristics that are different from the old, which makes it ever more difficult for...

This study analyzes the geographic spread of commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs), the leading suppliers of Internet access. The geographic spread of ISPs is a key consideration in U.S. policy for universal access. We examine the Fall of 1998, a time of minimal government subsidy, when...

SAP bietet mit der Komponente PI eine Enterprise Application Integration-Plattform, die als Umsetzung einer Service Orientierten Architektur verstanden werden kann. SAP und Nicht-SAP Systeme werden über Nachrichten miteinander verbunden. Dabei können unterschiedliche Nachrichtenformate mit...

Service Oriented Computing (SOC) is a popular computing paradigm for the development of distributed Web applications. Service composition, a key element of SOC, is severely hampered by various types of semantic heterogeneity among the services. In this paper, we address the various semantic...