-2003, attempting to understand motives for issuing in foreign currency, and determinants for the choice of currency. We consider the … following influences on the currency choice when issuing foreign currency denominated debt: the microeconomic characteristics of … addition to cost minimisation, hedging motives and the desire to establish an investor base influences the choice of currency …

Using detailed firm-level transactions data for UK imports, we find that invoicing in a vehicle currency is pervasive …, with more than half of transactions in our sample invoiced in neither sterling nor the exporter's currency. We then study … the relationship between invoicing currency choices and the response of import prices to exchange rate changes. We find …

dollar and euro over the period 1999-2004. Whether the euro might in the future rival or surpass the dollar as the world … dollar persists into the future the euro may surpass the dollar as leading international reserve currency by 2022. … currency? Unlike the last time this question was prominently discussed, ten years ago, there now exists a credible competitor …

With the euro's appearance in the world market, the competition between euro and dollar has become a hot-button issue …. The author focuses on the movements of the euro/dollar exchange rate and probes into the determinants of its exchange rate …. Their competition regarding invoicing and reserves are also studied in this paper. -- Exchange rate ; Currency competition …