(TOR). TOR can help researchers and marketing managers by explaining how consumers may interpret visuals in advertising …. TOR explains why some visuals thought to be unconnected with the product become relevant in advertising. This study makes … is used to provide greater explanatory power of consumers' interpretation and response to advertising visuals than what …

The retail sector spends millions of dollars each year advertising to consumers. This is a considerable investment for …

We implement a new approach for estimating the persuasive effects of political advertising. Our empirical strategy … patterns during the 2004 and 2008 presidential campaigns, our results indicate that total political advertising has virtually … contrast, we find a positive and economically meaningful effect of advertising on candidates’ vote shares. Evidence from a …

setup differentiated platforms compete in advertising and offer consumers a service free of charge (such as a TV program …) that is financed through advertising. We show that advertising can exhibit the properties of a strategic substitute or …

This paper empirically investigates the advertising competition in the French broadcast television industry within a …, and quantities of advertising of twenty-one TV channels from March 2008 to December 2013. We specify a structural model of … French TV advertising market is of the Cournot type. Further, we provide empirical evidence that the price-cost margin is not …