that, for the coin denominations €2, €1, 50 cent and 20 cent roughly the same quantity of euro coins migrate from Germany … Republic of Germany are not materially explained by exports of coins to other euro area countries. …Euro coins have a common European side and an individual national side. Thanks to coin migration, coins bearing a …

recoinage was monitored and enforced. The principal example of frequently renewed coins is uni‐faced bracteates, which were …

. Apart from the formal banking system, several means of exchange, such as Indian cotton, iron bars, and silver coins, were … used in Senegambia. Particularly, guinée cloth and silver coins were circulated in addition to paper money issued by Banque …

In the countries of the European economic and monetary union euro banknotes and coins will be put into circulation from … January 1, 2002. Seven new banknotes will be issued and eight new coins. Each member country is responsible for the production … demand for coins. The second method starts from estimated over-the-counter payments in 2002, and calculates the required …

According to estimates using the seasonal method, the volume of euro coins held for transaction purposes in Germany in … €2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution … Bundesbank) euro coins in circulation. 76% of the total volume of coins held for transaction purposes was accounted for by €1 and …