substitutional and a complementary relationship between accounting information and reputation, an informal institution. Empirical … the legal environment is far from perfect, the complementary relationship between reputation and accounting information is … the usefulness of accounting information in debt contracts. Besides the aggregate effect, this paper also provides …

We examine whether initial loan sales in the secondary loan market relate to borrowing firms' accounting conservatism …. We find that borrowing firms exhibit a significant decline in accounting conservatism after the initial loan sales. We … accounting conservatism is enforced in the private debt market, and that lead lenders play a more prominent role than secondary …

to an imperfect accounting signal that may also have a conservative tendency. If the firms have no private information …