This paper incorporates the recognizability of assets explicitly into the standard search model of exchange to determine the liquidity returns as an equilibrium outcome. Assuming that money is universally recognizable but bond is not, the two types of the single-coincidence meetings arise?one...

Using a standard Ramsey approach, we examine an optimal allocation of the social cost for electronic payment system in the context of a dynamic general equilibrium model where money is essential. The benevolent government provides electronic payment services and allocates the relevant social...

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity-money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller¡¯s choice with regard to posting price in terms of either an MoE or a UoA. If the likelihood of debasement of MoE or its rate is high...

The trade-off between cash and a debit card as a means of payment is incorporated into a search-theoretic model. A buyer incurs the proportional cost of carrying cash into the decentralized goods market, and a seller accepting a debit card bears a fixed record-keeping cost. In an equilibrium,...

Using a standard Ramsey approach, we examine the optimal allocation of social cost for an electronic payment system in the context of a dynamic general equilibrium model. The benevolent government provides electronic payment services and allocates relevant social cost through taxation on the...

A simple monetary model is constructed to study the implications of an indexed unit of account (Indexed-UoA). In an economy with an Indexed-UoA, credit trade friction attributed to inflation is resolved and there is no redistributional effect from unexpected inflation between debtors and...

Retailers in the Netherlands and the U.K. can charge different prices for a commodity depending on whether cash or a debit card is used as payment, whereas retailers in the U.S. generally cannot. These two types of economies with and without a uniform pricing constraint for cash and debit card...

The welfare cost of inflation is explored via a search-theoretic model in which along with non-interest-bearing cash, interest-bearing liquid and illiquid assets are available. With inflation, agents are willing to replace higher-return illiquid assets with lower return liquid assets for...

The article considers opportunities, risk and challenges of development of digital financial technologies. To identify them we use the scenario approach. We determine three main development scenarios for the market of innovative financial technologies - "domination of traditional financial...