This paper examines spatial variations in exposure to toxic air pollution from industrial facilities in urban areas of … directions: the ability to displace pollution onto minorities may lower the effective cost of pollution for industrial firms; and … higher average pollution burdens may induce whites to invest more political capital in efforts to influence firms’ siting …

for the health effects of pollution, can explain some of the observed differences in income, life expectancy and …

can establish the overall pollution-reduction goal for a cap-and-trade system by setting the cap, and leave it up to the …