The paper examines the influence of the real price of beer on violence-related injuries across the economic regions in England and Wales. The data are monthly frequency of violent-injury collected from a stratified sample of 58 National Health Service Emergency Departments 1995-2000. An...

BACKGROUND: Family planning services are amongst the most highly utilized services in the National Health Service. There have, however, been few empirical studies of the costeffectiveness of these services. METHODS: Two measures of output were used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of family...

There is much interest in international comparisons of health care expenditures, in particular their relation to national income. They have been widely used to judge countries' performance in cost-containment, and in the United Kingdom have been widely quoted in debates about the funding of the...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative costs of prostheses and factors associated with changes in these cost rankings. DESIGN AND SETTING: Economic model using published data. MAIN RESULTS: The main cost drivers are current costs and revision rates. Expected revision costs are a small...

OBJECTIVES: It has become increasingly common for preference-based measures of health-related quality of life to be used in the evaluation of different health-care interventions. For one such measure, The EuroQol, designed to be used for these purposes, it was necessary to derive a single index...

Objectives. The EQ-5D is a preference-based measure of health and is increasingly being used in the evaluation of health technologies. A 'tariff' of values for all 243 EQ-5D health states has been generated using direct valuations on a subset of these states. The tariff is used to express the...

AbstractWhen analysing medical or public health datasets, it may often be of interest to measure the time until a particular pre-defined event occurs, such as death from some disease. As it is known that the health status of individuals living within the same area tends to be more similar than...

Nigeria is one of the countries most affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, third only to India and South Africa. With about 10% of the global HIV/AIDS cases estimated to be in the country, the public health and socio-economic implications are enormous.This thesis has two broad aims: the first is to...

Inequalities in health have been demonstrated for over 150 years in Britain, and in recent decades have been the focus of increasing policy attention. However in order to tackle inequalities in health there needs to be a clear understanding of their underlying causes. Unfortunately, the existing...

[Executive summary] In the light of the 2006 drought and potentially permanent 'water stress', the government has been reviewing its policies on drought-time restrictions. Droughts have been a constant feature of modern life, irrespective of different systems of water-supply ownership, so the...