Expatriate return on investment (ROI) is undoubtedly an important topic, as evidenced by the considerable efforts of multinational corporations (MNCs) to find cost-reducing alternatives to long-term international assignments. Yet no studies exist examining how expatriate ROI may be calculated...

[Extract] Clearly, obtaining a return on investment from long-term assignments is important. First, cost-reduction is one of the reasons MNCs use alternatives to xpatriation, including virtual team assignments and tele-working, short-term assignments, business trips, cross-border commuting,...

In the context of burgeoning research on multinational corporations (MNCs), this paper addresses the issue of the representativeness of databases of MNCs in Ireland. It identifies some important deficiencies in existing databases much used by scholars in the field. Drawing on the international...

While previous work has identified a shift in the host business system which facilitates multinational corporations in their quest to introduce non-union approaches, little or no qualitative data have been brought to bear on this issue. This article presents case-based evidence on the dynamics...