From April 2020 through at least the end of 2021, Americans died from non-Covid causes at an average annual rate 97,000 in excess of previous trends. Hypertension and heart disease deaths combined were elevated 32,000. Diabetes or obesity, drug-induced causes, and alcohol-induced causes were...

Using a large sample of countries and 60 years of data, the authors found a strong and intuitive link between demographic transitions and both GDP growth and capital market returns. Unlike previous researchers, who used ad hoc and restrictive demographic variables, the authors imposed a smooth...

This article uses the Expectations Hypothesis (EH), one of the oldest theories in finance, to extract the information contained in the term structure of commodity futures prices. Under the powerful framework provided by the EH, we find a significant amount of predictability in commodity futures...

This article explores an alternative definition of momentum that is calculated using the idiosyncratic returns from market regressions. By removing the return component due to market beta exposure, this new definition of momentum reduces the volatility of momentum strategies and generates...

This paper studies the relative importance of discount rates and cash flows with a focus on the differences between time-series and cross-sectional variance tests. I show that the following holds for the market, different types of portfolios, and individual stocks: (a) changes in expected...

Many market observers point to the very high fraction of earnings retained (or low dividend payout ratio) among companies today as a sign that future earnings growth will be well above historical norms. This view is sometimes interpreted as an extension of the work of Miller and Modigliani. They...

A trillion-dollar industry is based on investing in or benchmarking to capitalization-weighted indexes, even though the finance literature rejects the mean-variance efficiency of such indexes. This study investigates whether stock market indexes based on an array of cap-indifferent measures of...

The goal of this article is an estimate of the objective forward-looking U.S. equity risk premium relative to bonds through history mdash; specifically, since 1802. For correct evaluation, such a complex topic requires several careful steps: To gauge the risk premium for stocks relative to...