This essay analyzes three contributions of Albert Hirschman that are important to understand the Latin American industrialization process.The first are the features of this process vis-à-vis the “late industrialization” cases in the European continent analyzed by Alexander Gerschenkron. The...

This paper proposes a reformed architecture of the international monetary system based on three pillars. The first is a representative apex organization, which can be understood as a transformation of the G-20 into a representative international institution. The second is the continuous reform...

This paper proposes a comprehensive yet evolutionary reform of the global monetary non-system that evolved out of the breakdown of the original Bretton Woods arrangement in the early 1970s. It includes: (i) a global reserve system that mixes the multi-currency arrangement with an active use of...