Many existing works using firm-level data sets have examined whether or not knowledge spills over from MNEs to domestically owned firms in a less developed country, but the literature has not come to a general consensus on the presence of spillovers. A possible reason for the mixed results is...

Scale effects in growth, positive effects of the population size on per capita output growth, have been rejected by cross-country regressions. This paper, however, finds that long-run time-series data supports the effects. Moreover, although scale effects in growth seem to be inconsistent with...

Digital skills constitute one of the five foundational pillars of the Digital Economy for Africa (DE4A) initiative, launched by the World Bank, and are needed to mobilize digital innovations to transform economies, societies and governments in Africa. The other foundational pillars are digital...

The model presented here reproduces the empirical fact that poorer countries show a higher incidence of child labor and time-intensive care of retired parents, whereas richer countries have negligible child labor and people indulge in money-intensive care of the old. For that purpose, the effect...

This paper synthesises the existing literature on human capital formation and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. The aim is to take a bird's eye view of the complex linkages between the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and policies of host developing...