International investment contracts have been viewed as an effective substitute to treaties for their capacity to protect foreign investors. Nonetheless, they have had limited uptake outside of large scale infrastructure projects, possibly because they present intractable difficulties, including...

Statistical flowgraphs represent multistate semi-Markov processes using integral transforms of transition time distributions between adjacent states; these are combinedalgebraically and inverted to derive parametric estimates for first passage time distributions between nonadjacent states. This...