This paper examines the factors affecting the persistence of fiscal consolidation in 25 emerging market countries during 1980-2001. It proposes a new approach for defining spells of fiscal consolidation. The results indicate that the probability of ending a fiscal adjustment is affected by the...

Model-based small area predictors are derived under the assumption that data files are complete. In application to real data, files may contain missing values. We introduce a variant of the bivariate Fay-Herriot model that takes into account for missing values in one component of the target...

The multivariate statistical approach is one of the most common techniques applied in livestock classification, where quantitative and qualitative variables are used throughout the statistical analysis to obtain farms descriptions. The aim of this study was to divide dairy farms on the bases of...