In a flexible labour market where people can move relatively easily between jobs and employers, there can be disincentives to train. Employers will be reluctant to train if they are, other things being equal, unsure about the extent to which they will be able to recoup their training costs. In...

In 2020, BEIS commissioned the Warwick Institute for Employment Research for independent evidence on the UK's pipeline of R&D personnel. Up to 2020, demand for R&D personnel had been growing steadily, even in the absence of R&D spending increases. Evidence-based planning for different scenarios...