Supplier development and supplier integration are two deeply interconnected strategic tools that manufacturers often employ to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of their supply chains. This paper studies the interaction of these two strategic decisions in a competitive environment....

Problem Definition: Quick response is a classic operations strategy, under which a retailer can place a second order for rapid replenishment during the selling season after learning more about market demand. This paper examines the value of quick response when a strategic manufacturer can either...

Uncertainty is essential in collaborative investment in R&D, especially for new production development (NPD). So, commitments (either formal contracts or informal communications) among members in an R&D alliance are often presented to deal with uncertainty. But after uncertainty is realized,...

When firms outsource production to suppliers, a key concern is how to control product quality and motivate the supplier to invest in quality improvement. In practice, several kinds of quality management contracts are found. We classify and formalize various quality contracts used in practice,...

The application of big data provides a new angle of view on investigating whether, and if so, how to define the urban center through analyzing urban spatial morphology intrinsically interacts with its functions. This article, using empirical research of the Beijing city, first seeking to explore...

In todays highly competitive market, firms have to focus on their core competencies to achieve success. While enjoying the benefits of building a highly integrated supply chain, firms also expose themselves to uncertain events, which are generally called as risks. Considering the importance of...

The application of big data provides a new angle of view on investigating whether, and if so, how to define the urban center through analyzing urban spatial morphology intrinsically interacts with its functions. This article, using empirical research of the Beijing city, first seeking to explore...