I examine whether financial statement preparers (managers and auditors) treat recognized versus disclosed fair value of option compensation differently. Recognition refers to items that appear on the face of financial statements and that are included in subtotal figures that appear in the...

We analyze the disposition of auditor-proposed adjustments to financial statements. Our analysis addresses concerns, expressed by regulators and others, that auditors and their clients fixate on quantitative thresholds and overlook qualitative factors in assessing the materiality of discovered...

We provide large-sample archival evidence on the nature and consequences of immaterial error corrections. The incidence of these error corrections has been steadily increasing since about 2004, and they are associated with modestly but discernibly negative share price returns that are more...

We analyze data made available through the PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) to provide descriptive evidence on the properties of auditors' actual quantitative materiality judgments and the implications of those judgments for financial reporting. Auditors' quantitative...

We find that individual analysts following the same firm and quarter forecast different underlying street performance metrics. Relative to analysts whose street forecast is based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), analysts who forecast street earnings using a non-GAAP...

Most prior research examining exclusions from street earnings (i.e., the difference between actual GAAP and street earnings) does not distinguish between exclusions that were expected versus unexpected by analysts. We consider that exclusions reflect both amounts forecasted ex ante by analysts...

We investigate the association between passive investment and share repurchases, both at historically high levels and the subject of scrutiny. We argue passive investors offer little monitoring over managerial actions such as repurchase activities, so managers of firms with high levels of...

Theory from organizations and economics research posits that in an inter-organizational relationship, both parties invest in relationship-specific knowledge, which in turn facilitates the effectiveness of the relationship while strengthening the attachment between the parties. In complex...

In this study, we examine whether banks' use of the loan loss provision (LLP) to manage earnings is associated with 1) the extent to which banks hold assets subject to fair value reporting and 2) the use of an industry specialist auditor. We find that banks with a greater proportion of assets...

In this study, we exploit the unique reporting requirements for employee stock options to provide large sample evidence on the accuracy of footnote disclosures related to a specific complex estimate, the fair value of options granted. We first document the frequency and magnitude of differences...