Traditional methods of calculating the value of Pi are approximate. This article demonstrates that there is an accurate method for calculating its value to 16 significant digits based on the performance of a computer program in Turbo C 2.0 including formulas resulting from the combination of...

While RMB is pegged to the US dollar, the exchange rate between RMB and the euro is not fixed, due to that the exchange rate between the euro and the US dollar is not fixed. Since RMB is not a small currency, its peg to the US dollar would have at least two profound effects on the foreign...

This paper intends to highlight a framework for valuating companies using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. This framework is a culmination of time spent at the AGSM, previous academic research on valuations and industry mentorship by various mentors/advisors in the financial services sector

We survey 356 valuation experts across 10 European countries with CFA or equivalent designation to gain some insights into their valuation practices. We find that while most experts use both Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Relative Valuation (RV) models, their assumptions and estimation methods...

The great economic growth paradox is unveiled, from a sustainable point of view. Whenever r (rent) exceeds g (growth), the socio-economic system reaches the stage (pg) of cyclical crisis; this Sisyphean economic result is caused today by the static interplay of 3 monopolies (1=land value;...

We examine the effects of incorporating a potential tax on carbon emissions into a value investment strategy. We show that in a portfolio optimization problem, a carbon tax at the stock level is mathematically equivalent to a carbon constraint at the portfolio level. Using this insight we derive...

Using the valuation methods proposed by, we value the internally generated intangible assets of the listed companies in DS30 index by capitalizing relevant portions of R&D, advertising and training expenses. After adjusting for the changes in book value and earnings, we show that companies...