This paper is an extension of Hsu and Hsu (Int J Ind Eng Comput 3(5):939–948, 2012) aiming to determine the optimal order quantity of product batches that contain defective items with percentage nonconforming following a known probability density function. The orders are subject to 100 %...

In this paper, we apply continuous review (S-1, S) policy for inventory control in a three-echelon supply chain (SC) including r identical retailers, a central warehouse with limited storage space, and two independent manufacturing plants which offer two kinds of product to the customer. The...

Up to now, demand fulfillment in make-to-stock manufacturing is usually handled by advanced planning systems. Orders are fulfilled on the basis of simple rules or deterministic planning approaches not taking into account demand fluctuations. The consideration of different customer classes as it...

This paper focuses on a novel approach to cold chain management of perishable products. We extend the classical and frequently applied Economic Order Quantity model (EOQ) for its application in multi-echelon supply chains for highly perishable products. Literature shows that order-level...

Researchers have recently developed a model for international supply chains for transferring lots in equal-sized batches, taking environmental concerns into account. This scheme incorporated stochastic behaviour of the exchange rate between the vendor's and buyer's currencies as part of the...