In 1995, 57 countries depended on three commodities for more than half their exports, reports UNCTAD. And commodities, fuels, grains, and oilseeds are important imports for several countries. The notorious volatility of commodity prices is a major source of instability and uncertainty in...

Commodity dependence does not necessarily lead to low income and export growth. Government policies that encourage dynamic and viable commodity sectors include:deg; Eliminating price controls and state monopolies.deg; Promoting research and extension.deg; Developing transport and communications...

This book provides an overview of the World Bank's Eco2 cities : ecological cities as economic cities initiative. The objective of the Eco2 cities initiative is to help cities in developing countries achieve a greater degree of ecological and economic sustainability. The book is divided into...

Economists often associate a country's dependence on primary commodities, for exports, income, and employment with underdevelopment and low income. The authors explore this commodity pessimism theoretically and empirically and suggest that it may be ill-founded. If it is, it could have adverse...

This book provides an overview of the World Bank's Eco2 cities : ecological cities as economic cities initiative. The objective of the Eco2 cities initiative is to help cities in developing countries achieve a greater degree of ecological and economic sustainability. The book is divided into...

About 20 percent of the total production of tropical timber is traded internationally. But for Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and some countries in West-Central Africa, tropical timber trade accounts for more than 50 percent of production. Although the tropical timber trade has often...