As virtual worlds and social media in general become important settings for marketing actions, we need to know what is the weight of social norms within such contexts. To what degree can a researcher expect that the answers obtained within a virtual world ¨C ultimately a social network ¨C...

This article aims at exploring whether and how brand extensions are a suitable strategy for branding commodities. The extant literature has focused on line and brand extensions for differentiated products, without providing rewarding results on the use of brand extensions for commodities. The...

The development of socio-economic areas is a critical issue in both the academic and managerial fields. In this paper, places are metaphorically considered as enterprises: they should use marketing strategies because of increasing competition and the need to satisfy their stakeholders and...

In 2010, General Electric launched an investigation into how multi-national corporations (MNCs) were adapting to rural emerging markets. A team of 33 executives and three academics examined models ranging from Toyota's vehicle servicing program in East Africa to Nokia's localized mobile handset...