Data from the California Learning Assessment Systemare used to examine certain characteristics of testsdesigned as the composites of items of different modes.The characteristics include rater severity, test information,and definition of the latent variable. Three differentassessment...

Cities have started to restructure themselves into 'smart cities' to address the challenges of the 21st Century-such as climate change, sustainable development, and digital disruption. One of the major obstacles to success for a smart city is to tackle the mobility and accessibility issues via...

Markedly diverse viewpoints are in play in many varied contexts, from science to the classroom to the marketplace. Perhaps surprisingly, both divergent dissonances and convergent harmonies are routinely found together in productive real-world systems. The value of generalizable assessment...

Social preferences and formal contract enforcement are two mechanisms that facilitate performance of an agreement. The standard argument is that formal contracting substitutes when social preferences are lacking. We, alternatively, explore the hypothesis that social preferences and contract...

Cities have started to restructure themselves into 'smart cities' to address the challenges of the 21st Century-such as climate change, sustainable development, and digital disruption. One of the major obstacles to success for a smart city is to tackle the mobility and accessibility issues via...

This paper investigates the difference in growth effects of human capital in African countries and the rest of the world. Using an expanded neoclassical growth model, panel data, a dynamic panel estimator and a broader definition of human capital including both health and education, we find that...

The federal government has imposed a minimum wage since 1938, and nearly all the states impose their own minimum wages. These laws prevent employers from paying wages below a mandated level. While the aim is to help workers, decades of economic research show that minimum wages usually end up...