We consider an exporting firm facing FX risk. We show that FX options are not used for hedging, if there is no ex-post production flexibility. Hence, in the standard setting of having no ex-post optionality, hedging with forwards is the best choice.The value of FX options for hedging arises as...

Our estimates, based on large firm-level and industry-level data sets from eighteen countries, suggest that FDI and trade have strong positive spillover effects on product and technology innovation by domestic firms in emerging markets. The FDI effect is more pronounced for firms from advanced...

Comparing domestic- and foreign-owned firms in Germany, this paper finds that foreign-owned firms are more likely to focus on short-term profit. This influence is particularly strong if the local managers of the German subsidiary are not sent from the foreign parent company. Moreover, the...

We use rich firm-level data and national input-output tables from 17 countries over the 2002-2005 period to test new and existing hypotheses about the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the efficiency of domestic firms in the host country (i.e., spillovers). We document that backward...

The strengthening of the commitment to export assistance and the establishment of comprehensive programs to foster export activities of firms are part of public policies in almost all developed and developing countries. In recent decades, not only the amount devoted by governments to these...

Scholars have previously investigated country and organizational-level factors associated with the incidence of female directors on boards. These studies, however, cannot explain why, in countries with strong gender equality and pressure for female directorships, firms are still hesitant to...

The value of small enterprises from the information technology industry can be found in their intellectual capital; these enterprises developed high value-added products and therefore contribute to the knowledge-based economy. Through the internationalization process enterprises gain long-term...

Public food organizations have come in a relatively short period of time to operate in a highly complex business environment . As a result, quality and esp ecially food safety bec ame elements with new values, in a multidimensional approach of economy consumption. Simultaneously , the...

As developing economies have weak institutional environments, and these are highly distant from SMEs' home conditions in developed economies, those firms entering into developing economies should acquire new knowledge resources for a successful entry. In this paper, we analyze the type of...