In a preceding paper (Louvain Economic Review), we define city globalization as the process by which a city gains the ability to coordinate complex economic activities at a global scale. The resulting "global cities" carry out the functions of design, decision and control in the global economy....

Metropolization is not a new phenomenon : metropolises have been around for centuries. The prime and permanent function of a metropolis is the coordination of economiec activities at a world scale. This function has been applied to different activities in history, depending on technological...

Though the region is a multiform or even omniform concept, the concrete region is the privileged framework of spatial thought and action. Now half of the human beings in the world, and more than three quarters of Europeans live in cities. Cities produce more than proportionally to their...

This paper revisits the relation between proximity and interactions, in the light of new thoughts on the concepts of proximity. We start from the idea that proximity, in the most general sense, reflects the easiness to interact. It results that: (1) proximity can be expressed in terms of costs;...

<marquage typemarq="gras"/> Metropolization is not a new phenomenon : metropolises have been around for centuries. The prime and permanent function of a metropolis is the coordination of economic activities at a world scale. This function has been applied to different activities in history, depending on technological...

Over the last decade or so, the debate on the planning and development of the Paris (Île-de-France) region has revolved around two little words: "Grand Paris", or Greater Paris. Despite existing political and scientific controversies surrounding the future of the capital region, three major...

Over the last decade or so, the debate on the planning and development of the Paris (Île-de-France) region has revolved around two little words: "Grand Paris", or Greater Paris. Despite existing political and scientific controversies surrounding the future of the capital region, three major...

Linked to a large-scale French study elaborated and Launched by Lise Bourdeau-Lepage (2020), the 23th March, a Dutch version of the questionnaire was distributed. The aim of the questionnaire is to map spatial differences in the impact of the Dutch lock-down on well-being and lifestyles. Almost...

In response to the Covid 19 health crisis, the French government has imposed various measures, referred to as social-distancing measures, including a lockdown with the primary objective of reducing face-to-face interactions between people in order to limit the spread of the virus. This paper...